Chapter #13: PPT- Guided Viewing Notes
1: What is biodiversity? What 4 elements make up 99% of all species?
>Species that are made up of the same major elements. Hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen .
>Species that are made up of the same major elements. Hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen .
2: What is photosynthesis?
Label the diagram of photosynthesis:
>Photosynthesis is energy from sunlight.
Label the diagram of photosynthesis:
>Photosynthesis is energy from sunlight.
3: Describe the flow of energy through systems. What is the main storage molecule of energy in animals?
> Sun--> Producers--> Consumers--> To Space
> Carbohydrates
> Sun--> Producers--> Consumers--> To Space
> Carbohydrates
4: What is chemosynthesis? What source of energy is used instead of sunlight?
> When you use carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen sulfide instead of light
> Hydrogen Sulfide
> When you use carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen sulfide instead of light
> Hydrogen Sulfide
5: What is primary productivity a measure of?
> of how many plants there are
> of how many plants there are
6: Looking at the map of productivity around the world - Discuss what you see:
> High chlorophyll concentration near the coast
> High chlorophyll concentration near the coast
Why is productivity higher near the coasts of continents than in the open oceans?
> Because of the nutrients that upwelling brings to the surface
> Because of the nutrients that upwelling brings to the surface
Why is productivity higher near the poles?
> Nutrients get pulled there because of currents
> Nutrients get pulled there because of currents
Autotrophs- organisms that make their own food, also called producers
Heterotrophs- organisms that consume other organisms for energy
Trophic Pyramid- a model that describes who eats whom
Primary Consumers- organisms eat producers
Secondary Consumers- organisms eat primary consumers
Top Consumers- top of the trophic pyramid
Heterotrophs- organisms that consume other organisms for energy
Trophic Pyramid- a model that describes who eats whom
Primary Consumers- organisms eat producers
Secondary Consumers- organisms eat primary consumers
Top Consumers- top of the trophic pyramid
7: In a food web, what do the arrows represent?
> The arrows show the directions of energy flow
> The arrows show the directions of energy flow
8: What are some atoms and molecules that cycle in biogeochemical cycles?
> Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon, and iron and trace metals
> Carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and silicon, and iron and trace metals
9: Diagram the Carbon Cycle in the ocean:
10: Diagram the Nitrogen Cycle in the ocean:
11: Diagram the Phosphorus Cycle:
12: What is a limiting factor in ecosystems?
> Something that can be harmful if present in quantities that are too large or too small
> Something that can be harmful if present in quantities that are too large or too small
13: What are the most important physical factors for marine organisms?
- Light
- Dissolved Gases
- Temperature
- Acid-base balance
- Salinity
- hydrostatic pressure
- dissolved nutrients
- Light
- Dissolved Gases
- Temperature
- Acid-base balance
- Salinity
- hydrostatic pressure
- dissolved nutrients
14: What are some biologic factors that affect ocean organisms?
- feeding relationships
- crowding
- metabolic waste
- defense of territory
- feeding relationships
- crowding
- metabolic waste
- defense of territory
15: Define
Euphotic- most of the biological productivity of ocean occurs in the area near the surface, enough sunlight for photosynthesis and vision
Disphotic-not enough sunlight for photosynthesis, vision only
Aphotic - no sunlight
Euphotic- most of the biological productivity of ocean occurs in the area near the surface, enough sunlight for photosynthesis and vision
Disphotic-not enough sunlight for photosynthesis, vision only
Aphotic - no sunlight
16. Define the following nutrient transports:
Diffusion: mixing due to random molecular movements
Osmosis: diffusion of water through a membrane
Active Transport: transport of substance against a concentration gradient, requires energy input
17. What are the major zones of the ocean?
> The major zones are the Light Zones, Habitat Zones, and the Lifestyle Zones.
18. What is natural selection?
> When the environment favors individuals that are well adapted. Their favorable traits are retained because they contribute to organism's reproductive success.
19. Who was Carolus Linnaeus? What did he do?
> He was one of the first to use the system of natural classification, developed classification system based on hierarchy, and system of scientific names for organisms.
20. What is taxonomy?
> The study of biological classification
21. What are the 6 kingdoms and how are they further divided?
> The six kingdoms are Fungi, Arimalia, Plantae, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. They are divided into two different sections as eukaryotes, and prokaryotes.
Diffusion: mixing due to random molecular movements
Osmosis: diffusion of water through a membrane
Active Transport: transport of substance against a concentration gradient, requires energy input
17. What are the major zones of the ocean?
> The major zones are the Light Zones, Habitat Zones, and the Lifestyle Zones.
18. What is natural selection?
> When the environment favors individuals that are well adapted. Their favorable traits are retained because they contribute to organism's reproductive success.
19. Who was Carolus Linnaeus? What did he do?
> He was one of the first to use the system of natural classification, developed classification system based on hierarchy, and system of scientific names for organisms.
20. What is taxonomy?
> The study of biological classification
21. What are the 6 kingdoms and how are they further divided?
> The six kingdoms are Fungi, Arimalia, Plantae, Protista, Archaea, and Bacteria. They are divided into two different sections as eukaryotes, and prokaryotes.
Light Zones: The zone when an amount of light reaching through seawater and down to the ocean
floor exerts an enormous influence on the nature and abundance of sea-life.
Habitat Zone: The zone where two primary divisions are the pelagic zone (water zone), and the benthic zone (bottom zone). Different habitat zones offers different challenges and opportunities.
Lifestyle Zone: The zone where plants and animals falls into just four groups.
floor exerts an enormous influence on the nature and abundance of sea-life.
Habitat Zone: The zone where two primary divisions are the pelagic zone (water zone), and the benthic zone (bottom zone). Different habitat zones offers different challenges and opportunities.
Lifestyle Zone: The zone where plants and animals falls into just four groups.